Impact of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay Example for Free

Effect of Minimum Wage on Unemployement Essay â€Å"We can't unambiguously infer that a lowest pay permitted by law increment will expand joblessness levels†. Examine. The exposition is layout as follows. Right off the bat, I would characterize a portion of the key terms. Furthermore, I would diagram the purposes behind the announcement. Finally, I would give the finishing up comments. Joblessness is the point at which those individuals from the work power who are willing and ready to work can't get a new line of work. The lowest pay permitted by law In a totally serious work showcase, the harmony pay ought to be W1, where work flexibly = work request. Wages are falsely changed when the value floor is forced. An increment in the pay rate urges the financially idle to enter the work advertise, causing an extension in the gracefully of work. The lowest pay permitted by law raises the minimal expense of utilizing laborers, along these lines causing a withdrawal of work request. From an overabundance flexibly of work, just the laborers who are gifted will be utilized. The least gifted, in this manner least profitable will be estimated out of the market leaving them automatically jobless. The adjustment in work levels is the result of the flexibility of work request duplicated by the corresponding ascent in the compensation. Any expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law will be given to purchaser costs. In the event that interest for the item is inelastic, the expanded cost won't impact utilization of the great by and large. So work rates would remain moderately the equivalent. The contrary impact would occur for flexible great. On the off chance that work costs make up a little extent of absolute costs, at that point any increments in the pay rate would have little impact on business, as all out expenses would have just expanded just barely. Where work and gracefully are both inelastic, business costs are limited. In the event that they are both versatile, more positions are lost. Albeit as indicated by old style speculations, the explanation that lowest pay permitted by law increment will build joblessness levels is on the grounds that lowest pay permitted by law would expand the expense of work, which lead to an expansion in the cost ofâ production of the firm. Firms would have cut HR (work) all together for the organizations to control their expense of creation. Subsequently it would prompts an expansion in joblessness rate. Be that as it may, in all actuality, it work in an unexpected way. Truth be told the experience of the UK is that a 67% expansion in the National Minimum Wages has diminished joblessness and expanded business. It would have lead to a solid Economic Growth. In time of financial development, firms utilize more laborers as there is more interest to deliver merchandise. Monetary development in the UK has found the middle value of 2.5% since 1999 Likewise, the intensity of Monoposony ought not be disregard. Old style hypothesis expect that the work markets are serious, however practically speaking specialists regularly face managers with purchasing power. This implies firms can pay laborers not exactly the market wage. In this manner, when an administration misleadingly raises compensation, firms can really bear to pay them. It is contended the lowest pay permitted by law enactment is like enemy of trust guideline. In this way, it would prompt an expanded profitability. An examination by David Metcalf found that organizations reacted to expanded wages by expanding the profitability of laborers, particularly in the administration area. This is significant on the grounds that it proposes that higher wages can really help increment profitability in the economy. Firms would bring down working hours in react to the expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law. Instead of make laborers excess, firms have decreased the normal hours worked. This is identified with section 3, firms attempt to get higher profitability in a shorter time, so they can manage the cost of the lowest pay permitted by law. Pass on Cost increments. Since the lowest pay permitted by law influences all organizations, it is simpler for the cost increments to be passed onto purchasers. for example since all cleaning firms have higher compensation costs, they would all be able to expand their costs. In the event that the pay increment simply influenced one firm, they would get uncompetitive. Firms would likewise consider various issues to maintained a strategic distance from of Minimum Wage. Itâ is dubious to discover the degree of this issue, yet a few firms have bypassed the lowest pay permitted by law enactment by utilizing settler work and paying them lower compensation. It additionally makes it progressively appealing to utilize youthful specialists. To finish up, albeit an expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law in principle would prompt an expansion in joblessness, yet in commonsense, it would very little negative effect on the work rate. Along these lines, we can't unambiguously presume that a lowest pay permitted by law increment will build joblessness levels.

Family Systems Intervention Free Essays

string(529) and upgrading emotionally supportive networks †¢Moving and improving emotionally supportive networks †¢Moving customers to another condition Increasing the responsiveness of associations to people’s needs †¢Enhancing collaborations among associations and organizations †¢Improving institutional situations †¢Developing new assets The manner in which an issue is characterized regularly relies upon †¢How the family at first characterizes the issue †¢The hypothetical point of view the family social laborer utilizes †¢The command of the office and how the office sees problems. Family Systems Interventions Intervention aptitudes: Facilitating family Change abilities 1. Break maladaptive cooperation designs 2. Clearness tricky results 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Family Systems Intervention or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Modify emotional squares 4. Start intellectual rebuilding 5. Execute new versatile examples 6. Assemble outer assets as required Break Maladaptive Patterns †¢ Intervene to control maladaptive examples by rebuilding family communication verbally or truly †¢When proper, encourage the versatile articulation of outrage of one relative so as to hinder the repetitive risky conduct of another Explain tricky outcomes †¢Confront relatives on the dangerous results of their own practices †¢Provide verbal or nonverbal help when head on encounter at whatever point conceivable Alter Affective Blocks †¢Convey the significance of communicating and explaining full of feeling involvement with request to more readily fathom the support of obvious standards of conduct. †¢Remove wrong full of feeling obstructs by empowering open conversation of the enthusiastic strife of relatives; approve their experience, explain the substance, and offer help Initiate Cognitive Restructuring Call into question aggregate convictions, qualities, or objectives that give off an impression of being hazardous and start open conversation and reconsideration of applicable issues. †¢To keep new effect from blocking further advancement, energize the articulation and release of feeling (particularly through giggling or crying) while at the same time adjusting a past intellectual set. â € ¢Provide fitting new data or a reformulation as required to grow progressively versatile appreciation †¢Encourage relatives to consider new thoughts further and to keep on talking about explicit issues at home so as to arrive at a reality-based agreement. Execute New Adaptive Patterns †¢Using conduct standards, apply social fortifications to fortify proper practices at any ti me during the meetings and urge relatives to do likewise. †¢Elicit family member’s eagerness to be responsive to proposals and welcome explicit social recommendation from other relatives (or offer a few). †¢Coach the family in actualizing changes that are perfect with proper advancement assignments for the entire family just as individual relatives. Present versatile changes in conduct during the meeting by diverting cooperation examples and modifying spatial and guest plans to revamp subsystems. Assemble External Resources as Required †¢Openly confess to absence of advance as investigate conceivable repressing elements both inside and outside the family. Compelling Assessment and Intervention First, laborers must build up a mentality that qualities the capability of families to change. Appraisal and activation of family qualities should concentrate on the positives identified with numerous regions, including †¢Family connections: thinking about individuals, sex jobs that are regarded and esteemed, parental-kid connections dependent on the best of the youngster, physical and enthusiastic self-care, the nearness of constructive family occasions and victories, steady couple connections, family ancestry of past triumphs in peace promotion, a solid family character †¢Individual relative aptitudes: psychological and scholarly capacities, an uplifting disposition, equipped child rearing, constructive job demonstrating, capacity to assemble and get to strong social conditions †¢Personal characteristics: inspiration, objective directedness, confidence and fitness, a capacity to giggle at oneself, internal qualities and assets, solid social, capacities, nondefensiveness, eagerness to chip away at issues in spite of difficulties †¢Availability of network a ssets: companions and caring other outside the family, strong family members, medicinal services, instruction, diversion, profound network, social administrations, the aptitudes to explore in these network assets †¢Seeing and learning: the capacity to perceive troublesome beneficial encounters and to gain from these encounters Key Strategies in working with qualities †¢ The strength’s viewpoint benefits from the force and will of the family to self-right with the assistance of fitting ecological backings. †¢Words have the ability to develop or tear done dishearten or energize. Pathology-based words obscure the vista by forcing issues while quality based words force arrangements and expectation. Utilize a word reference of helping, a word reference that incorporates the utilization of such words as strengthening, aptitudes, trust, backing, capacity, and information Assessment and mediation will be progressively successful if the family social laborer remembers t he accompanying contemplations: †¢Be distinctly receptive to culture and cling to socially touchy practices †¢Focus on family needs †¢Respect customer self-governance †¢Avoid cultivating pointless reliance †¢Reassess and re-decipher customer opposition as evasion of agony †¢Keep sound proficient limits while remaining sincerely accessible Culturally Sensitive Practice †¢ We advocate for social capability for all specialists fitness that keeps away from the use of cliché agendas to families from minority societies. Recommending that a solitary program model or mediation can address the issues of every single social family hazards generalizing a decreasing each culture to a solitary element. †¢Not all individuals from a social gathering are associated similarly to their social legacy placater †¢Some gatherings will have mixed customary and nontraditional practices in their day by day living. †¢Acculturation can be viewed as a mosaic, mixing customary local ways with prevailing social ways. Five program structures that can be joined into family social laborer so as to work suitably with families from various societies. 1. Laborers must have an earnest enthusiasm for learning and tolerating various societies. 2. Laborers can figure out how to challenge their ethnocentric convictions as a n basic piece of family social work. 3. Family social laborers can be available to coordinated effort with conventional social healers and pioneers and bolster family decisions about customary wellsprings of help that equal, supplement, or supplant mediations that are increasingly normal. 4. Family social laborers ought to be acquainted with and be readied ti utilize existing customer emotionally supportive networks, following the fitting social conventions. 5. The intercession aptitudes utilized by family social laborers can adjusted to explicit societies 6. Family social specialists can look for explicit social information, which incorporates familiarity with correspondence designs, perspectives, conviction frameworks, and qualities 7. Realizing how to get access into a social network is significant if a specialist were to get to socially suitable assets for a family. Reconsider Clients’ Resistance might be a message from the customer that the family social laborer is exceeding the limits of the relationship. Opposition can likewise flag that the issues being examined are delicate to the customer. Set Realistic Expectations A 6th rule for family social specialists is to cultivate families’ sentiments of ability, as opposed to deficiency. Hepworth and Larsen (1993) list the accompanying biological intercessions that family social laborers can perform for families: †¢Supplementing assets in the home condition †¢Developing and improving emotionally supportive networks †¢Moving and upgrading emotionally supportive networks †¢Moving customers to another condition Increasing the responsiveness of associations to people’s needs †¢Enhancing cooperations among associations and organizations †¢Improving institutional situations †¢Developing new assets The manner in which an issue is characterized frequ ently relies upon †¢How the family at first characterizes the issue †¢The hypothetical point of view the family social specialist utilizes †¢The command of the office and how the office sees issues. You read Family Systems Intervention in class Exposition models For instance, a few offices grasp arrangement centered advising and characterize issues to fit hypothesis †¢How the issue is characterized mutually between the family and laborer such that both feel offers the most chances to make positive change. Remarkable methods of review a difficult 1. A customary explanatory view is that suggestive individual in the issue. 2. The social frameworks supposition that will be that the family is the issue †issues advancing from relationship designs inside the family 3. The endeavored arrangement is the issue. This is an intriguing perspective that could be disentangled by saying, â€Å"if what you are accomplishing doesn't work, quit doing it and have a go at something other than what's expected! † Circular Patters †¢ The term designs imply that a similar conduct happens over and over and gets unsurprising. †¢When a family is buried in issues, it might be on the grounds that their dull examples have delivered gridlock without giving a satisfactory reaction to the current issue. Along these lines, the arrangement turns into the issue. Since the examples are propensities, relatives have a sense of safety in the steadiness they give. The constant examples may be destructive to people and unsafe

The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus

The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus Finding an effective work/life balance is a challenge that every successful founder will face. To celebrate this years International Womens Day, we heard from five female founders about how they manage their businesses, personal lives, and often their families, via their favorite time-saving productivity hacks. A Growing Number of Female Founders Every year, International Women’s Day presents a global celebration of the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. This years IWD serves as a call to action to accelerate gender parity and its theme, #pressforprogress, aims to be a catalyst for speeding up the ongoing, progressive change, in the direction of gender equality. Over the years, we’ve seen some good progress in the economic advancement of women. According to the  2017 State of Women-Owned Business Report, published by American Express, there are now over 11 million women-owned businesses in the U.S., with the number growing at a rate of 114% over a twenty year period. These cutting-edge companies range from tech  start-ups to health care services and creative businesses, and employ nearly 9 million, generating $1.7 trillion in revenue. With so many women at the forefront of innovative businesses, one may wonder how they manage to balance business and home life, all while caring for themselves and often their families too. Heres what five female founders shared with us:   1. Avoid Multitasking with Blocked Out Hours When juggling multiple commitments, it’s important that you’re able to manage your time well, identifying strategic priorities and dedicating blocked out time to focus on addressing those key aims. Although the old saying goes that women are natural multitaskers, in reality, only 2.5% of people are able to multitask effectively. For the rest of us, Stanford University found that attempting to multitask can inhibit the ability to recognize what’s important, meaning we’re distracted by menial tasks and end up unproductive. In order to stay focused, try blocking out time for your most important tasks, minimizing distractions during those blocked out periods. Sevetri M. Wilson, the CEO of her own firm developing award-winning philanthropy programs from the ground-up, shared how she stays productive: “Time blocking is vital! If you want to be productive, don’t let people interrupt you for minor things.” She continues, “Our first reaction, especially as women, is to help others first, but self-care starts with you. Take care of yourself and your own priorities and it will be much more satisfying and less overwhelming to help others.” 2. Clearly Define Work Time and Home Time Studies have found that an inability to tune out from work can not only lead to a decrease in productivity but can be detrimental to our emotional well-being, in some cases leading to sleep-related problems, anxiety, depression and more. To make a clear distinction between working life and personal commitments, digital marketing consultant, profit acquisition expert, and new mom, Natalie Gouche, shares how she organizes her time to stay productive, while placing a priority on her personal time: “I only book client sessions and calls in certain hours and I make sure to not go past these working hours, so that my work doesnt leak into my downtime. I also try to schedule a few days in the week where I dont have any work on my books at all.” You might also enjoy reading: How to Achieve A Good Work/Life Balance Discover productive task managementSave time with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started 3. Use Your Breaks to Keep Active A study from the University of Bristol found that employees who are able to exercise during their lunch break are more productive, happy, efficient and calm. Participants reported that following their lunchtime activity, they felt their concentration and problem-solving abilities had improved, and they overall felt calmer and more productive. In order to remain efficient into the afternoon hours, Business Marketing Architect, Lisa Manyon of  Write On Creative makes exercise and learning a priority. “Since I spend a lot of time at the computer, I try to walk at least half an hour each day. When it comes to finding time to exercise, even a short, brisk walk is better than not moving. I often leverage my exercise time and learn on the go by listening to industry podcasts.” Marketing consultant, Natalie Gouche, takes a similar approach: “I find taking a walk in the middle of the day helps me decompress, returning to my afternoon tasks more focused and productive.” 4. Learn to Delegate Effectively Being a great leader doesn’t mean you need to do everything yourself. It means hiring the right staff and perfecting the ability to identify who is best suited to tackle a task or project, then empowering them to do so. To delegate effectively, there are a few key steps you can take, such as making it clear why you’re delegating, then providing sufficient instructions and training to enable your team member to do so. However, even before this point, Cat Lincoln, Founder and CEO of content marketing service  Clever, explains that effective delegation begins at recruitment and “Hiring smart people.” 5. Set Smart, Achievable Goals You’ve probably heard of the SMART principle  as a means of judging whether your goals will be effective. The principle requires goals to be: S Specific, meaning the aim is focused and unambiguous M Measurable, meaning someone can determine whether it’s been achieved A Action-oriented, meaning a specific action will have been taken R Realistic, meaning the difficulty level and the timeframe you’ve predicted are attainable T Time-bound, meaning a deadline has been specified. When it comes to reducing overwhelm and making her goals SMART, startup consultant and marketing mentor Tisha Marie Pelletier  keeps her task list simple and achievable. “I start by setting realistic deadlines and only putting three main things on my to-do list each day,” Tisha shared. By doing so, she can add in a walk, hit the gym, read and spend time with her family, and still get her professional priorities seen to. These female founders exemplify how advancing women’s economic power as high-producing entrepreneurs can be possible while still leaving time for themselves and their own wellbeing.   By employing time management, self-care, active breaks, effective delegation, and realistic planning, women can do-it-all and be happy doing it. In this way, female founders can too #pressforprogress. Discover task managementGet productive with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus Finding an effective work/life balance is a challenge that every successful founder will face. To celebrate this years International Womens Day, we heard from five female founders about how they manage their businesses, personal lives, and often their families, via their favorite time-saving productivity hacks. A Growing Number of Female Founders Every year, International Women’s Day presents a global celebration of the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. This years IWD serves as a call to action to accelerate gender parity and its theme, #pressforprogress, aims to be a catalyst for speeding up the ongoing, progressive change, in the direction of gender equality. Over the years, we’ve seen some good progress in the economic advancement of women. According to the  2017 State of Women-Owned Business Report, published by American Express, there are now over 11 million women-owned businesses in the U.S., with the number growing at a rate of 114% over a twenty year period. These cutting-edge companies range from tech  start-ups to health care services and creative businesses, and employ nearly 9 million, generating $1.7 trillion in revenue. With so many women at the forefront of innovative businesses, one may wonder how they manage to balance business and home life, all while caring for themselves and often their families too. Heres what five female founders shared with us:   1. Avoid Multitasking with Blocked Out Hours When juggling multiple commitments, it’s important that you’re able to manage your time well, identifying strategic priorities and dedicating blocked out time to focus on addressing those key aims. Although the old saying goes that women are natural multitaskers, in reality, only 2.5% of people are able to multitask effectively. For the rest of us, Stanford University found that attempting to multitask can inhibit the ability to recognize what’s important, meaning we’re distracted by menial tasks and end up unproductive. In order to stay focused, try blocking out time for your most important tasks, minimizing distractions during those blocked out periods. Sevetri M. Wilson, the CEO of her own firm developing award-winning philanthropy programs from the ground-up, shared how she stays productive: “Time blocking is vital! If you want to be productive, don’t let people interrupt you for minor things.” She continues, “Our first reaction, especially as women, is to help others first, but self-care starts with you. Take care of yourself and your own priorities and it will be much more satisfying and less overwhelming to help others.” 2. Clearly Define Work Time and Home Time Studies have found that an inability to tune out from work can not only lead to a decrease in productivity but can be detrimental to our emotional well-being, in some cases leading to sleep-related problems, anxiety, depression and more. To make a clear distinction between working life and personal commitments, digital marketing consultant, profit acquisition expert, and new mom, Natalie Gouche, shares how she organizes her time to stay productive, while placing a priority on her personal time: “I only book client sessions and calls in certain hours and I make sure to not go past these working hours, so that my work doesnt leak into my downtime. I also try to schedule a few days in the week where I dont have any work on my books at all.” You might also enjoy reading: How to Achieve A Good Work/Life Balance Discover productive task managementSave time with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started 3. Use Your Breaks to Keep Active A study from the University of Bristol found that employees who are able to exercise during their lunch break are more productive, happy, efficient and calm. Participants reported that following their lunchtime activity, they felt their concentration and problem-solving abilities had improved, and they overall felt calmer and more productive. In order to remain efficient into the afternoon hours, Business Marketing Architect, Lisa Manyon of  Write On Creative makes exercise and learning a priority. “Since I spend a lot of time at the computer, I try to walk at least half an hour each day. When it comes to finding time to exercise, even a short, brisk walk is better than not moving. I often leverage my exercise time and learn on the go by listening to industry podcasts.” Marketing consultant, Natalie Gouche, takes a similar approach: “I find taking a walk in the middle of the day helps me decompress, returning to my afternoon tasks more focused and productive.” 4. Learn to Delegate Effectively Being a great leader doesn’t mean you need to do everything yourself. It means hiring the right staff and perfecting the ability to identify who is best suited to tackle a task or project, then empowering them to do so. To delegate effectively, there are a few key steps you can take, such as making it clear why you’re delegating, then providing sufficient instructions and training to enable your team member to do so. However, even before this point, Cat Lincoln, Founder and CEO of content marketing service  Clever, explains that effective delegation begins at recruitment and “Hiring smart people.” 5. Set Smart, Achievable Goals You’ve probably heard of the SMART principle  as a means of judging whether your goals will be effective. The principle requires goals to be: S Specific, meaning the aim is focused and unambiguous M Measurable, meaning someone can determine whether it’s been achieved A Action-oriented, meaning a specific action will have been taken R Realistic, meaning the difficulty level and the timeframe you’ve predicted are attainable T Time-bound, meaning a deadline has been specified. When it comes to reducing overwhelm and making her goals SMART, startup consultant and marketing mentor Tisha Marie Pelletier  keeps her task list simple and achievable. “I start by setting realistic deadlines and only putting three main things on my to-do list each day,” Tisha shared. By doing so, she can add in a walk, hit the gym, read and spend time with her family, and still get her professional priorities seen to. These female founders exemplify how advancing women’s economic power as high-producing entrepreneurs can be possible while still leaving time for themselves and their own wellbeing.   By employing time management, self-care, active breaks, effective delegation, and realistic planning, women can do-it-all and be happy doing it. In this way, female founders can too #pressforprogress. Discover task managementGet productive with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started

The Origins Of Yahweh s Wife Essay - 1020 Words

Ancient Israel has always been polytheistic, the people have always believed in multiple gods. The Deuteronomist would want his readers to believe otherwise. The worship of one god is fairly new. Especially, in comparison to how worship had gone in Canaan for centuries before hand. In addition to worshiping this new god Yahweh they worshiped him alongside Baal, Asherah, and many other gods alongside them. The origins of Yahweh have been under speculation for years by biblical scholars and archaeologist. No matter the origins even the Deuteronomist who tries so hard to erase the residue of the other gods and mark them as evil he, cannot keep all his readers in the dark. â€Å"Books of I and II Samuel and I and II Kings demonstrates that the worship of Yahweh s wife, Asherah, did not die out but remained a part of ritual and cult throughout the monarchies and until the conquest of Judah, that is, from circa 1000 to 586 B.C.† Many scholars such as William H. Dever would like to argue that Asherah was somewhat as Yahweh’s wife or consort. Where does Asherah come from? Asherah was one of the three great goddesses of Canaanite worship even before Yahweh. In Canaanite religion, her primary role was the mother goddess. In mythological texts from the Late Bronze Age, her consort was known as the god El or creator. El is also referred to as father and Asherah is referred to as mother. We hear about Asherah in the bible and even though she is associated with polytheistic religions. EvenShow MoreRelatedList Of A Honor Code By Refraining From Lying, Stealing, Or Cheating1831 Words   |  8 Pagescosmos of the Hebrew people, meaning they doubt that Yahweh actually even existed. The combination of archaeological evidence and Biblical stories allow for some confirmation of the truth, including the origins of Abraham, the Hebrews’ journey into Canaan, the flaws in the Hebrews’ monotheism, the destruction of Solomon’s temple, the conquering of the Israelite kingdom, and the evidence of Israel’s waning power following the death of S olomon. The origins of the Hebrews can be traced back to Abraham, whoRead MoreAncient Concepts Of Law, Government, And Social Structure1408 Words   |  6 Pagesshe were severe consequences. The code has blunt and tough language that can seem unusual to our own society. â€Å"If a seignior’s wife has brought about the death of her husband because of another man, they shall impale that woman on stakes.† (Lualdi, 23) The code play a crucial role in the law of Mesopotamia and further strengthened the notion of kings being divine in origin. The social structure in Mesopotamia was hierarchical and most of the economy was agricultural. The city-states were made up ofRead MoreThe Religious Aspirations Of Judaism1659 Words   |  7 Pagesenvisioned Christ the servant of all (Mk 35:9 RSV). A leader who in humanity was humility to all He severed. The political aspiration of the Jewish people is given spiritual fulfillment when Christ ascensions into His heavenly kingdom. One is Yahweh promise to reunite the twelve tribes of Israel in the messianic age. Second giving the kingdom of God to Israel is a vision of David promises filled by the Son of Man the Messiah. The disciples being Jews have knowledge of the Torah and witness toRead More History of the Old Testament of the Bible Essay3002 Words   |  13 Pagesdistinguished from Judah, the tribe (along with Benjamin) that gave allegiance to the Davidic dynasty. Anderson p232 Knowing now that the one nation under King David is now split into Israel and Judah we can press onwards in to the 800s B.C. During the 800s B.C. Israel had a number of rulers. Ahab is one of the more influential during the time period. Ahab, whose reign was from 869-850 B.C., had finished building a new capital city in Samaria for Israel that was started earlier by his fatherRead MorePositive and Negative on Worldviews1694 Words   |  7 Pagesown faith and understand the essential need for balance in my Christian walk in order to stand for the truth and walk in love. 2. Describe how you have been uniquely prepared for your ministry role through cultural forces. What culture (s) are you most effective in as a leader? God has taken me through experiencing a diversity of cultures (rural, urban, western, eastern, conservative and liberal) in order to shape me away from my natural tendency toward extremity. As a Christian leaderRead MoreThe Prophet Amos and the Zimbabwean Context9884 Words   |  40 Pagesillustrating the borrowed phenomenon, has been replaced or fundamentally undermined by a more rationalistic approach to problems bedevilling Israel. Amos, it can be argued, seems to have inaugurated a movement of rationalist who made sense out of the word of Yahweh. It is in this light that a critical analysis of the book of Amos will reveal even the relevance of Amos’ thought patterns to the Africans and Zimbabweans in particular. In Zimbabwean societies, issues regarding dishonest dealings, capitalistic mind-setsRead MoreThe Natural Cognitive Process Is Based On Our Own Experiences With Other Individuals3363 Words   |  14 Pagesdescription is provided. â€Å"The above picture shows how an African appears in his native country. See that elephant s tusk leaning against him. The Africans sell them for ivory, and they are made into a great many useful articles in this country. The African appears free and independent, but he is a heathen. He looks abroad upon nature, but knows little, or nothing, of nature s God. The kidnappers very often seize the children while they are at play, when their parents are absent, carry them toRead MoreEssay about Book Summary The Bible Among the Myths2835 Words   |  12 Pageslive by the pagan worldview and give lip service to the biblical one but because of the work of Ezra, Nehemiah, Malachi and many others whose names we do not know came the conviction that the only way to avoid more divine punishment was to worship Yahweh only. As scripture states, â€Å"(For the Lord thy God is a jealous God among you) lest the anger of the Lord thy God be kindled against thee, and destroy thee from off the face of the earth.† Deuteronomy 6:15 and with that said, the survival of the biblicalRead MoreThe Bible Among The Myths3214 Words   |  13 Pagesalternate religions of its day. Oswalt likewise talks about a major philosophical division when contrasting the Old Testament with its counterparts. He makes the contrast between essentials and â€Å"accidentals. When an individual discusses an object s quintessence, he is alluding to that which makes up its center. Accidentals, then again, are those things that are just accidental and don t essentially characterize the object. The writer acquaints the reader with the idea of myth. While recognizingRead More Parallelisms and Differences:Rastafarianism and Judaism Essay6341 Words   |  26 Pagesblasphemous language,to boost the sale of pictures of Haile Selassie, he stated that Selassie was,King Ras Tafari of Abyssinia, son of king Solomon by the queen of Sheba.1 Howell knew that in later years factual information about Selassies true origin would be declared. As an Ethiopian constitution of 1955 confirms, Haile Selassie in his position as Emperor,descends without interruption from the dynasty of Menelik I, son of Ethiopia, the Queen of Sheba, and King Solomon of Jerusalem.2 This constitution

The Four Reasons Behind Mergers Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2362 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? In simple terms, a merger means blending of two or more existing undertakings into one, consequent to which each undertaking would lose their separate identity. The most common reasons for mergers are, operating synergies, market expansion, diversification, growth, consolidation of production capacities and tax savings. However, these are just some of the illustrations and not the exhaustive benefits. However, before the idea of Merger and Acquisition crystallizes, the firm needs to understand its own capabilities and industry position. It also needs to know the same about the other firms it seeks to tie up with, to get a real benefit from a merger. Globalization has increased the competitive pressure in the markets. In a highly challenging environment a strong reason for merger and acquisition is a desire to survive. Thus apart from growth, the survival factor has off late, spurred the merger and acquisition activity worldwide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Four Reasons Behind Mergers Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Take retail finance for instance. With corporate banking becoming an unprofitable business for banks due to high risk of asset quality, banks including financial institutions are tapping the retail finance segment. ICICIs acquisition of Anagram Finance from Lalbhai group, HDFC Banks merger with Centurion Bank of Punjab and ICICI Banks merger with Bank of Madura are some of the latest examples of consolidation in the banking sector. We could see the similar trend perking up in other sectors. The present study gives some insight as to why the banks are going for merger and acquisition and what are the legal, taxes and financial aspects governing them. The study also deals with other aspects such as types of merger, motives, and reasons, bank too much on merger, and successful consolidation in merger, recent trend in merger and acquisition activity. Purpose The purpose of this assessment is to examine the merger process that was done on 25 February 2008 between HDFC Bank and Centurion bank of Punjab. The basic purpose of merger is to achieve faster growth of the corporate business. Faster growth may be had through product improvement and competitive position. The whole point of this process is to show how the change management works. The study also focuses on how the technology and superior margins with support from low-cost deposits will ensure profitable growth in the future. OBJECTIVE There are four main paths that explain the reasons behind the merger activity. These four paths are related to: (1) Creating economies of scales (2) Expanding geographically (3) Increasing the combined capital base (size) and product offerings (4) Gaining market power (5) Identify benefits and barriers of the change management process and provide recommendations for future activities INTRODUCTION Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) Bank The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was amongst the first to receive an in principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBIs liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. The bank was incorporated in August 1994 in the name of HDFC Bank Limited, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. HDFC Bank commenced operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995. Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC), Indias leading housing finance company, HDFC Bank is one of Indias premier banks providing a wide range of financial products and services to its over 11 million customers across over three hundred cities using multiple distribution channels including a pan-India network of branches, ATMs, phone banking, net banking and mobile banking. Within a relatively short span of time, the bank has emerged as a leading player in retail banking, wholesale banking, and treasury operations, its three principal business segments. The banks competitive strength clearly lies in the use of technology and the ability to deliver world-class service with rapid response time. Over the last 13 years, the bank has successfully gained market share in its target customer franchises while maintaining healthy profitability and asset quality. As on December 31, 2007, the Bank had a network of 754 branches and 1,906 ATMs in 327 cities. Centurion Bank of Punjab Centurion Bank of Punjab is one of the leading new generation private sector banks in India. The bank serves individual consumers, small and medium businesses and large corporations with a full range of financial products and services for investing, lending and advice on financial planning. The bank offers its customers a wide range of wealth management products such as mutual funds, life and general insurance and has established a leadership position. The bank is also a strong player in foreign exchange services, personal loans, mortgages and agricultural loans. Additionally the bank offers a full suite of NRI banking products to overseas Indians. Centurion Bank of Punjab now operates on a strong nationwide franchise of 394 branches and 452 ATMs in 180 locations across the country, supported by employee base of over 7,500 employees. In addition to being listed on the major Indian stock exchanges, the Banks shares are also listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. MERGER HDFC Bank and Centurion Bank of Punjab merger at share swap ratio of 1:29 The Boards of HDFC Bank and Centurion Bank of Punjab met on 25 February, 2008 and approved, subject to due diligence, the share swap ratio for the proposed merger of Centurion Bank of Punjab with HDFC Bank. The Scheme of Amalgamation envisages a share exchange ratio of one share of HDFC Bank for twenty-nine shares of Centurion Bank of Punjab. The combined entity would have a nationwide network of 1,148 branches (the largest amongst private sector Banks) a strong deposit base of around Rs.1200 billion and net advances of around Rs.850billion. The balance sheet size of the combined entity would be over Rs. 1,500 billion. HDFC Bank was looking for an appropriate merger opportunity that would add scale, geography and experienced staff to its franchise. This opportunity arose and we thought it is an attractive route to supplement HDFC Banks organic growth. Commenting on the proposed merger, Mr. Deepak Parekh, Chairman, HDFC said, We were amongst the first to get a banking license, the first to do a merger in the private sector with Times Bank in 1999, and now if this deal happens, it would be the largest merger in the private sector banking space in India. We believe that Centurion Bank of Punjab would be the right fit in terms of culture, strategic intent and approach to business. Mr. Aditya Puri, Managing Director, HDFC Bank said, These are exciting times for the Indian banking industry. The proposed merger will position the combined entity to significantly exploit opportunities in a market globally recognized as one of the fastest growing. Im particularly bullish about the potential of business synergies and cultural fit between the two organizations. The combined entity will be an even greater force in the market RESEARCH QUESTIONS Q1. What is the effect after merger and accusation on the financial performance of the organization? The merger added around 400 branches to HDFC Banks branch strength of 760 along with a 15-20 per cent increase in the asset base to more than Rs.1.7lakh crore. While the merger has helped increase the size of HDFC Bank, it has also led to some pressure on key ratios for the combined entity; Centurion Bank of Punjab ratios were lower than that of HDFC Bank. Q2. How does it affect the cultural changes inside the organization? All the employees of Centurion Bank of Punjab have been assigned their new roles in the merged entity and the training processes are underway to bring them at par with HFDC Bank standards. All systems integrated with HDFC Bank platform, i.e. flex cube Treasury is still already integrated with the same, while both wholesale banking and retail banking is fully integrated and working. The merger positioned the combined entity to significantly exploit opportunities in a market globally recognized as one of the fastest growing. The potential of business synergies and cultural fit between the two organizations. The combined entity emerged to be a greater force in the market. Q3. Study on the growth process after the merger and acquisition of bank. HDFC Banks net revenues have grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 44.5 per cent in the last five years on the back of net interest income (NII) and other income growing by 43 per cent and 47.7 per cent, respectively. Net profits grew by 33 per cent; the lower pace is due to the banks prudent policy of higher provisioning (last three years). HDFC Bank has been going slow on the retail loans and even CBoPs non-issuance of fresh loans (since December 2007) to the two-wheeler and personal loan segments, has ensured comfortable NPA (non-performing assets) levels for the combined entity. HDFC Bank, after the merger, provided higher provisions to the combined entity in line with its own superior provision coverage of around 67 per cent (CBOPs at 55 per cent). Although, it added pressure on the profitability in the near term but it will help avoiding slippages in asset quality in the future. The advances havent slowed and this is indicated from the credit-deposit ratio rising from 63 per cent last year to around 75 per cent current year. The recent Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) cut has released additional funds of around Rs.4500crore that could be used for further loan disbursements and provide support to (NIM) Net Interest Margins. The higher yield on advances and investments in conjunction with high interest rates has meant that NIM is still comfortable at 4.2 per cent. Q4. How did the market share and capitalization of HDFC bank get affected after merger? The banks competitive strength clearly lies in the use of technology and the ability to deliver world-class service with rapid response time. The bank has successfully gained market share in its target customer franchises while maintaining healthy profitability and asset quality. As of June 30, 2009, the Bank had a distribution network with 1,416 branches and 3,382 ATMs in 550 cities. For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Bank earned total income of INR 51.36 billion as against INR 42.15 billion in the corresponding period of the previous year. Net revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 were INR 28.99 billion, up by 25.1% over INR 23.16 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2008. Net Profit for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 was INR 6.06 billion (Rs.606.1crore), up by 30.5% over the corresponding quarter ended June 30, 2008. The Banks total balance sheet size increased by 10.38% from INR 1685.98 billion as of June 30, 2008 to INR 1861.15 billion as of June 30, 2009. Total deposits were INR 1457.32 billion , an increase of 11.31% from June 30, 2008. Total income for the year ended March 31, 2009 grew by 58.2% to INR 196.22 billion (Rs19622.9crore) over the corresponding year ended March 31, 2008. Leading Indian and international publications have recognized the bank for its performance and quality. MEHTODOLOGY HYPOTHISES H1: Merger and Acquisition process has direct relation with the financial performance of the organization. H2: Mergers acquisition is directly related to the cultural changes inside the organization. H3: Mergers and Acquisition process is inversely related to the growth process of an organization. H4. There is a positive Relation b/w the market share and merger. Research Philosophy The researcher follows a positivism approach which shows that the study is based on some scientific statements. The study includes the testing of hypotheses, which enable in the assessment of various laws. Positivistic approach seeks to identify measure and evaluate any phenomena and to provide rational explanations for it. This explanation will attempt to establish causal links and relationships between the different elements (or variables) of the subject and relate them to a particular theory or practice. Advantages of Positivism Approach The following are the advantages of this approach:- The research can be structured in a better way. It ensures that the data that is collected is valid and holds true in all means. The hypothesis can be tested much easily. Disadvantages of Positivism Approach The following are the disadvantages of this approach:- It is very difficult to arrive at a proper sample size. It is very time consuming.          Sources of Data The data that is to be collected must be logical. The quality of the conclusion is highly dependent on the data that is being collected. Hence one must ensure that accurate and reliable data are collected. Primary Sources The research is in the form of interview and survey obtains these data from individuals. They are generally true facts. Secondary Sources These include that information pertaining to company, latest journals and academic papers, online reliable resources that would provide the latest development in the field. Secondary sources are those data that are already obtained by others. Research Design Research Design basically shows how all the major components of the research project samples, measures, and treatments work together to address the central research questions. A Cross-sectional study is undertaken as the time for the research is short. The facts are collected from employees of different age groups. It involves the data collection at a particular point of time. The research includes finding out the variables that are responsible for the problem identified. Such study is termed as Correlation study. This kind of a study takes place in a natural environment and where there is very little interference by the researcher. CONCLUSION Merger and acquisition the most talked about term today creating lot of excitement and speculative activity in the markets. However, before the idea of MA crystallizes, the firm needs to understand its own capabilities and industry position. It also needs to know the same about the other firms it seeks to tie up with, to get a real benefit from a merger. A mergers and Acquisitions activity is that the divesting firm moves from diversifying strategy to concentrate on core activities in order to improve and increase competitiveness. Globalization has increased the competitive pressure in the markets. In a highly challenging environment a strong reason for MA is a desire to survive. Thus apart from growth, the survival factor has off late, spurred the MA activity worldwide Some such factors are listed below: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The Companys business prospects and nature of its business ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The prospects for industry in which the company operates ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Management reputation ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Goodwill and brand value ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Marketing network ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Technology level ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Efficiency level in terms of employees ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Financial performance ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Future earnings ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The legal implications ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Government policy in general and in particular for that industry ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Current valuations of shares in stock markets

Defining Experience Free Essays

I have always considered myself an open and welcome person who treated everyone fairly. Other people that I knew would often express views that people, who lived in the United States, whether legally or not, should learn how to speak â€Å"our† language. While I tended to agree with them I never gave it much thought, until I found myself in a foreign country, and unable to speak the language. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was there that I learned, not only how it felt to not be able to communicate easily, but to be more tolerant of other people’s non-native speaking. I have always loved to travel with family and friends, and there was no better time than when I was living and working in Serbia. While I worked with people from many nationalities most, if not all, spoke the English language. I took this for granted, and while I made some attempts to learn new languages, I did not try too hard. After a particularly stressful month of work I felt the need to get away from it all, to rest and relax, and to broaden my perspective of the world. I made reservations for six solo days of scuba diving in Croatia. I was excited, nervous, even a little scared of traveling alone. I told myself that I’m 36 years old, have two kids, and lived in another country, so I held my head high, bid my friends farewell and took off. Upon arrival in Croatia I picked up my rental car at the airport in Zagreb. I got on the A1 motorway and pointed the Fiat Punta south towards the small fishing village of Rocogniza. I arrived there late in the afternoon and promptly found the dive shop that had arranged all my accommodations. I settled in and then set off into the village to explore and buy food to prepare for dinner. The sun was shining and felt warm as I parked my car started walking towards the village. I traveled past centuries old houses, a large stone Orthodox Christian church, and into the village. Once in the village I saw the bustle of people coming to and from the outdoor market and the fisher men peddling their catches along the dock. There were people of all ages in the town centre, young kids playing, and elderly people sitting at the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s talking. I walked through the market and saw a very old lady selling fresh fruits and vegetables. I stopped at her cart and she was very warm, with bright eyes, a big smile on her face, and arms opened as if she were going to hug those around her. I said hello to the old lady who only nodded and I realized that she did not speak English. Even though there was a language barrier I was able to purchase the fresh fruit and vegetables that I would need for the next few days. I then walked to the docks and again I was greeted with a warm welcome by the fishermen. I bought several mackerel, red mullet, and bukva, more that I needed, thanked the fishermen and bid them farewell. After making my purchases I stopped at a small cafà © to have a coffee. The waiter Mario, whose brother was always living and working in Kosovo, spoke almost perfect English. I sat at that cafà © for several hours talking with Mario. Mario told me about the people of his village, how they had survived through the war, and how the Croatian people generally loved having foreigners visit their great land. Although I hated for our talk to end, I had to bid Mario farewell, and head out before dark. As I left the village I turned back and looked towards the small fishing village that I had just visited. I thought about the warm and welcoming reception that I had received and that I would always remember the people that I had met. I also thought about those people who come to the United States to either visit or in search of a better life for the families. I vowed to myself that I would learn some of the local language while traveling in other countries. This experience also changed the way that I would interact with people who were in my own country and did not know how to speak what we consider â€Å"our† language. How to cite Defining Experience, Essay examples

Psychology Personal Reflection free essay sample

Death comes to everyone human being living on the planet. I view death in two ways the first one is a long-lived life where the person enjoyed their life and die of natural causes. The second one is a short-lived life they did not get to enjoy the life to which it was given to but taken away by an unforeseen cause. Visiting this cemetery brings me sadness and a eerie feeling, the weather is overcast cloudy and very cold, I can see sun rays ahead of me peaking through ever so lightly touching the tips of the trees seems similar to heaven showing a sign to me that even though I feel sad being here the people whose body that are buried in this ground is at rest in a better place up above. The tombstones appear as though they reflects the person who its representing, some are huge memorial stating to me that person was center if attention and wanted to be known when he/she stepped into a room filled with people. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Personal Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others are simple smaller in size on behalf of the person who may be timid and clam someone who you might find alone in a room filled of people. The set up of this cemetery fits the norm of the American culture, rows or tombstones evenly spaced out, surrounded by flowers left by loved ones. Each tombstone is uniquely designed. Today I am visiting my uncle who was lay to rest here ten years ago, I still see him, as he was when he was alive and healthy my family found out he had pancreatic cancer. The cancer was shocking since he was still young in his early forties, to see my uncle degenerate before my eyes was very hard he was this strong man who then became a fragile, pale, thin man right before his death. I remember him saying that he was ready to die, because living on earth being helpless was not what he wanted to be a burden to his family. He told my aunt she should remarry later if she finds a partner and for my parents to help look his after my cousins all five of them who are now young adults and parents. He was ready and prepare to die, he knew it was coming and less than a year later he passed away peacefully at home with his loved ones by his side. Having recently going through a traumatic life changing experience in a head on collision thinking death was coming straight my way, all I saw that horrific rainy night was head lights then the impact I was startled, frozen and in shock. I called 911 immediately to find out the only thing I could do was keep my seat belt on and hoped and prayed no one hits me from behind until California high way patrol came. I find myself pondering about my life and how I would want to be remembered, I want to live a long fruitful and content life where I am capable to travel the world and be knowledgeable of the many cultures and practice my skills of nursing helping the unfortunate. Also spending every single moment of my life thanking God I still have more time here to spend with my loved ones. Life is very precious it was given to each of us for a purpose for the reason we may not know but the time we have ahead of us gets us closer to finding answers. I want to be remembered as the fun loving, adventurous and bubbly person. My funeral should be a celebration of my life I want the mourning ritual to have my favorite songs played, I’m certain the genre would be country. I want to have my favorite flowers, which are orchids, plumeria, and color roses. My friends and family will each give a eulogy but the things that they will bring up are things that will be so memorable yet too funny to finish without them bursting in laughter. I want to be cremated even though it is against my parents and some of my loved ones wished it’s my wish. Having a close call to death and coming out of it without a scratch I am very fortunate. I now see my life as a second chance given to me to do things and to use my time wisely. I have a young son, and to not see him grown up to be a successful young man would be devastating for me. I want to see my son grow up and experience what life has to offer with his mother by his side to support him through all the trials and tribulations. I cannot bear to have any of my love ones morns because of my premature death. I know that every day stress with life such as school, work, family it is very hard some days I tell myself to take it one day at a time and to be grateful because in other parts of the world they worry about shelter, food and clean water to drink. Here in the states we have that a warm place to sleep at night away from the rain and cold weather. My family migrated from a small village in Laos where there is no electricity, an out house, but my relatives who are still there live off the land and they are very happy with that life style. Me visiting from the states to a whole new environment was like stepping back into time, I can say living there for three weeks was an eye opening experience I will never forget nor change. Life is priceless we are all fortunate to have lived, to love and be loved.

Applied Law Example

Applied Law Example Applied Law – Coursework Example Applied Law The contract created by the Police Commissioner when he offers $100,000 reward is aunilateral contract. Unlike bilateral contract, a unilateral contract does not encompass a two-party agreement (Linn 81). The commissioner drafts the contract and presents it already containing the applicable terms and conditions. In this respect, whoever provides the information that leads to the solution of the murder case is not involved in the making of the contract.Mary does not need to testify in order to get the reward money. According to the Police Commissioner, what is needed is the information that can lead to the arrest and conviction of the offender. Once the arrest is made and the crime against the perpetrator confirmed, then Mary should get the reward money. The only important factor is ensuring that the police have the person they are looking for.Bob can actually claim a portion of the reward money if not all. This is because no exceptions were made by the commissioner detail ing police officers were not eligible for the reward. However, if Mary can prove foul play by Bob, then the issue can be argued against Bob getting part of or all the reward money. Essentially, he played a critical role in the apprehension of the crime perpetrator.The relevant rule in this case is informed by judicial decision(s). In this respect, policy consideration relevant to a case stands by the principles, statutes, or precedents that the judicial system observes relative to the matter at hand (Linn 109). personally, I agree with the policy. This is because the law should be allowed to take its course.Linn, Edith. Arrest Decisions: What Works for the Officer? New York: Peter Lang, 2009. Print.

No Se Essays

No Se Essays No Se Essay No Se Essay Explain all your answers using the Problem-Solving Technique 1. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0. 07 m3 of nitrogen at 130 kPa and 120oC. The nitrogen is now expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100oC. Determine the boundary work during this process. 2. A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0. 3 kg of steam at 1. 0 MPa and 400oC. The location of the stops corresponds to 60 percent of the initial volume. Now the steam is cooled. Determine the compression work if the final state is (a) 1. Mpa and 250 oC and (b) 500 kPa. (c) Also determine the temperature at the final state in part (b) 3. A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains 200L of saturated liquid refrigerant-134a. The piston is free to move, and its mass is such that it maintains a pressure of 900 kPa on the refrigerant. The refrigerant is now heated until its temperature rises to 70oC. Calculate the work done during this process. 4. A mass of 2. 4 kg of air at 1 50 kPa and 12oC is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston-cylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During the process, heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. Calculate the work input during this process. 5. Saturate water vapor at 200oC is isothermally condensed to a saturated liquid in a piston-cylinder device. Calculate the heat transfer and the work done during this process in kJ/kg. 6. An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current of 8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor placed in the water. In one-half of the liquid is evaporated during this constant-pressure process and the paddle-wheel work amounts to 400 kJ, determine the voltage of the source. Also, show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to the saturation lines. 7. 1-kg of oxygen is heated from 25oC to 300oC. Determine the amount of heat transferred required when this is done during a (a) constant-volume process and (b) isobaric process.

CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT DORCHESTER HOTEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT DORCHESTER HOTEL - Essay Example The report seeks to present a critical review of these issues whereby recommendations for resolving or improving upon the issues discussed will be given at the end. 2.0 Introduction According to Datamonitor (2004) â€Å"Tesco PLC is the largest food retailer in UK, operating around 2,318 stores worldwide. It operates around operates around 1,878 stores throughout the UK, and also operates stores in the rest of Europe and Asia.† Paton (2005) also states that â€Å"Tesco has 367,000 staff worldwide (250,000 of them in the UK), 2,365 stores (1,770 in the UK), sales of more than ?37bn, and last year reported pre-tax profits of just over ?2bn.† Tesco has an estimated 30 % of the market share in the grocery industry in UK. Currently, Tesco is rated as the number one chain supermarket in the UK grocery sector as a result of different strategies it has implemented over the years. Of notable concern is that Tesco’s workforce is comprised of diverse people from different b ackgrounds which entail that managing diversity is a virtue. The success of Tesco can be attributed to various factors but particular emphasis in this case is put on the human resources practices in this organisation. ... HRM deals with the group of people employed by a business or company which produces goods and services. The aim of managing human resources is to make the organisation successful as well as to help the employees to enjoy their work in a bid to steer the operations of the organisation towards the attainment of set organisational goals. The other aim of HRM is to help the employees to do their best while at the same time making sure that they receive suitable rewards for their work. Against this background, this report seeks to critically evaluate how different HR issues such as recruitment, retention, training and development as well as performance management are implemented at Tesco. These human resources practises play a complementary role to each other in that they are meant to positively influence the actions of the employees towards the attainment of the set organisational goals. In order to achieve the objectives of the organisation, the needs for the employees cannot be separat ed from this process. Thus, the HR approach is a system of HRM that recognises that the success of the organisation depends on its human resources (Kleynhans, 2007). Thus, HRM has become more important in organisations today than ever before. Whilst different companies have access to the same technology, during the contemporary period, it is the human resources that make a difference in companies being successful and achieving their organisational goals. HRM includes policies, functions, and systems that affect employee’s behaviour, attitudes and performance (Carell et al 1995). It is these HR practices that help the company gain the advantage over its competitors. Thus, the report will specifically focus on how Tesco is implementing these

Poll 211 research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poll 211 - Research Paper Example The war affected virtually every nation of the world as each moved to align themselves with either the U.S. or the Soviet Union. This paper examines how the Cold War affected the U.S. foreign policy then and now. In terms of its organization, a proxy of the Cold War is discussed. Next, the author explains the factors that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resultant chaos. Next, the author discusses the impact of the collapse of the Soviet Union at three levels: the impact on scholars of international relations at the time and the impact on the U.S. foreign policy then and now. Finally, the author draws conclusions about international relations based on the findings of the research. A proxy war is fought alongside a major full-scale conflict(Leffler & Painter, 2005). Usually, a major power will instigate a proxy war without directly involving itself. Many proxy wars were fought during the Cold War. The wars provided opportunities for the United States and the Soviet Union to stage armed conflict â€Å"behind† the Cold War. The Greek Civil War was one of such proxy wars. The Greek civil war pitted the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE), supported by the U.S. against the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), whom Russia backed(Nachmani, 1990).The DSE wanted to gain control of the country from the KKE. Backed by and Britain and the U.S., the DSE were initially successful. Besides the backing by the two powers, the DSE had superior maneuvers in the battlefield. Meanwhile, the KKE made many political errors and Yugoslavia withdrew their support for them. Yugoslavia’s withdrawal marked the beginning of the fall of the KKE. In the end, DSE won the war. Greece largely abandoned Communism and the sphere of influence of democratic/capitalist ideals increased as did tensions between the two powers. In December 1991, Americas rival, the

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Methods

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Methods INTRODUCTION Autoimmunity is the inability of an organism in recognizing its own parts as  self, which triggers an abnormal immune response against its own cells or tissues. Due to such a response, autoimmune diseases occur. Autoimmune diseases are broadly divided into the following: Systemic autoimmune diseases: The symptoms and damage occurs throughout the body, i.e the antigen is not tissue-specific. Localized autoimmune diseases: The damage is localized, i.e., the antigen is tissue specific. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic  inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disorderthat may affect many tissues and organs, but mainly attacks the flexible (synovial) joints. 75% of the reported cases of RA occur in women, especially at age: 30 and 40 years and between 50 and 60 years (Bach, 1982). It can be a disabling and  painful  condition, which can lead to consequential loss of mobility and function if not treated adequately. But it is still unclear whether T-cells primarily respond to a microbial antigen, or a self-constituent antigen (Chiniet al., 2002). Lesions developed in RA appear to be involved in both cell-mediated and humoral responses. Prior research work focused on identifying the cells present in the affected synovium, and has been concluded that CD4+ T lymphocytes, active B lymphocytes, and plasma cells, combined with well-formed lymphoid follicles having germinal centers (in more serious cases), are present in the synovium of the patients (Abbas et al., 1994). Major cells present in the synovial filtrate of patients are T-cells, and a partial therapeutic effect was observed due to depletion of T-cells in these patients (Berneret al., 2000). Present understanding of RA conveys that TH1 cells which are specific for a particular antigen (which hasn’t been identified yet) are present in the joints of the patients. Pathogenesis and symptoms Fig1.1: Release of cytokines due to T-cell activation causing an inflamed synovium and pannus. Cytokines released in the synovium are Interleukin(IL)-1, IL-8, Interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-alpha). But the clinically important ones are IL-1 and TNF-alpha. These cytokines stimulate increase in collaginases, IL-6, chemokines, nitric oxide and Cyclo-oxigenase-2(COX-2) production. The combined action of these and a few others like IL-2 and IL-4 lead to the pathogenesis of the disease. Other than antigens, RA also involves antibodies- this is most likely due to formation of immune complexes. The auto-antibodies produced are called ‘rheumatoid factors’ and are specific to the Fc region of IgG. This rheumatoid factor is an IgM antibody and hence the immune complex consists of IgG-IgM which cause the damage (Janeway et al., 2001). Symptoms include stiffness, pain, swelling, and erythema, joints become tender, swollen, and warm. As it progresses, multiple joints would be affected (polyarthritis). The clinical manifestations are collection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages at the inflamed region, cartilage damage, and, destruction of the joint Synovitis (inflammation of the synovium) can lead to  tethering  of tissue, lack of movement and erosion of the surface leading to deformity and loss of function. Systemic complexities are damage to various other organs like lungs, myocardia, pericardia pleura, eyes, and Central Nervous System as a result of inflammatory reactions (fig-1.1). Many agents are now available to treat RA, and many of them are monoclonal antibodies. Several new monoclonal antibodies are currently under development and hopefully will be available as other alternatives The focus of this paper is to state the latest therapeutic monoclonal antibodies being used for RA treatment, to state their merits and demerits and whether they are better than normal drugs/medication. Monoclonal antibodies with different mechanisms of action and route of administration are discussed and whether they pose as good therapeutic agents with an acceptable safety profile. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1  Treatment of Rhematoid Arthritis Some of the treatments for RA are: Anti-TNF-alphaTreatments Medications Therapeutic monoclonal antibody treatment Earlier it was believed that if one cytokine signal cascade was blocked then another cytokine would takeover. It was hypothesized that IL-1 caused the cartilage and bone damage.Through a study(at Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology), it was found that IL-1 bioactivity had stopped due to TNF-alpha blocking. This led to the development of anti-TNF-alpha treatments like- cyotokine antibodies and soluble-receptor antagonists (Feldmann et al., 1999). There are mainly four types of medications being used- Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immuno-suppressants, and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids).(Rang et al.,1995). DMARDs include pencillamines (Cuprimine ®, Depen ®), gold compounds (Myochrysine ®, Ridaura ®) and chloroquine (Plaquenil ®). Although their mechanism of action is not properly understood, they have a very significant effect on RA patients. NSAIDs like asprin, ibuprofen (Advil  ®), ketoprofen (Orudis ®), naproxen (Naprosyn ®), etc.. have a variety of effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic effects.Immuno-suppressants like cyclosporine and cytotoxic agents like azathioprine suppress both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Corticosteroids like prednisone, hydrocortisone, etc., have immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects (Rang et al.,1995). 2.1.1 Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Each B-cell synthesizes only one kind of antibody and every organism has various populations of B-cells which secrete various antibodies specific to various antigens being recognized. But in order to turn this function into a helpful tool, we need huge amounts of a same antibody. So we need to culture a B-cell population originating from the same ancestral B-cell and hence obtaining the same kind of antibodies.Such a population of cells are called ‘monoclonal’ and the antibodies are‘monoclonal antibodies’(mAbs).Such monoclonal antibodies used for various therapeutic purposes are referred to as ‘therapeutic monoclonal antibodies’. If a specific antibody of a B-lymphocyte is needed, that B-cell should be secreted in an organism. So the antigen for which the antibody is needed is injected into a mouse and it secretes the B-cell antibodies against the antigen. Such B-cells are isolated from the spleen and fused with myeloma cells (using Poly Ethylene glycol, or electroporation), forming hybridomas. To selectively isolate the hybridoma cells, they are grown in HAT(Hypoxanthine AminopterinThyamidine) medium. (Fig 2.1.1) The cancer cells are HGPRT- and the B-cells are HGPRT+(HGPRT is an enzyme Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase which helps in the synthesis of nucleotides from hypoxanthine). Therefore, all the unfused myeloma cells die in the HAT medium and all the unfused B-cells can’t divide for long and only the hybridoma cells survive indefinitely. It is from these cells that the antigen-specific antibodies are labelled and isolated using radioactivity or immunofluorescence. Fig 2.1.1- A summary of the process of monoclonal antibody production. Types Till date there are four types of therapeutic mAbs- Murine Chimeric Humanized Human Murine antibodies (suffix omab)refer tomAbs made from any mammal of the family muridae (like mouse, rat). These mAbs were produced using hybridoma technology and were analogous to murine antibodies. But these were not a success because immune complexes formed due to which they only had a short half-life in vivo and caused cytotoxicity resulting in allergies and anaphylactic shocks .Hence these were replaced by chimeric and humanizedmAbs.Chimeric mAbs (suffix ximab) has variable regions of murine and constant region of humans fused together (they are 65% human). This decreases immunogenicity. Humanized antibodies (suffix –zumab) are made by grafting murine hyper-variable region onto the amino acid region of the human Abs (they are 85% human). However, these antibodies lacked the specificity of their parent murine mAbsso, affinity was increased by introducing mutations in the CDR (complementarity determining region). Phage display libraries or transgenic mice are use to produce human mAbs (suffix –umab). In this the murine genome is injected with the human immunoglobulin genes due to which it becomes transgenic. This mouse is injected with the desired antigen to yield the subsequent mAbs(Hudson PJ, Souriau C., 2003). 2.1.1.1 Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against TNF-ÃŽ ± TNF-ÃŽ ± is a key mediator of the inflammation-induced joint damage that is a hallmark of this disease. Monoclonal antibodies to TNF bind soluble and transmembrane TNF, thereby down-regulating TNF-induced immune responses including adhesion molecule expression, cytokine production, matrix metalloproteinase production, neutrophil activities, dendritic cell function and osteoclast differentiaion. (Blumi S, Jet al.,2012) Monoclonal antibodies to TNF, except for certolizumab have the ability to lyse TNF-expressing cells in the presence of complement. (Kukar M, et al.,2009). Currently there are four mAbs approved for the treatment of RA Infliximab This is a chimeric IgG1 mAb and has human constant region with murine variable regions.(Perdriger A., 2009). This is best used with methotextrate(MTX) and is available only in the intravenus form. In 2001, it was approved by the FDA in combination with MTX to treat moderate to severe RA. Effectiveness and improvement in the disease compared to placebo was shown in multiple, randomized trials(Elliott MJ, et al., 1993) ,( Lipsky PE, et al., 2000), (MainiRN, et al., 2004). It was proven to be effective in early stages of the disease (et al., 2004).Given that influximab is comprised of a significant proportion of murine protein it was anticipated that patients would develop antichimeric antibodies that could impair the efficacy and increase the risk of infusion reactions. The combination of infliximab and MTX results in a substantial reduction in antichimeric antibody and increased serum infliximab levels.. Adalimumab Adalimumab is a human recombinant IgG1 mAb that has no murine component and is produced by phage display technology. It was FDA/EMA approved in, or soon after, 2002 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA as monotherapy or in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). It is available in the subcutaneous form at a dose of 40 mg every 2 weeks. Despite adalimumab being a fully human antibody, anti-adalimumab antibodies have been detected in a significant number of patients(Vincent FB, Morland EF, Murphy Ket al.2013). Adalimumab responses and long-term sustainability may be reduced by anti-adalimumab antibodies, but adalimumab generally has good sustainability similar to that of etanercept and generally better than infliximab. Golimumab Golimumab is a fully human IgG1 anti-TNF-ÃŽ ± antibody that was generated and affinity matured in an in vivo system. It is very similar in structure to infliximab without the mouse protein. It was approved by the FDA/EMA in or soon after 2009 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA in combination with MTX(Kremer J, et al,2010). Certolizumab Certolizumabpegol is a humanized Fab fragment (Fc free) fused to a 40-kd polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. It was FDA/EMA approved in 2009 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA as monotherapy or in combination with MTX. It is available in the subcutaneous form at a dose of 400 mg at 0, 2 and 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks or 400 mg every 4 weeks. 2.1.1.2 Antibodies against B Cells B cells are critical to the pathogenesis of RA. Mature B cells may evolve into antibody producing plasma cells. Although the precise role of B-cell-producing autoantibodies in RA remains unclear, B cell and plasma cell infiltration into synovium has consistently been found.In addition to their role as precursors to antibody producing plasma cells, B cells may function as antigen-presenting cells and may also produce inflammatory cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules important for T-cell function.(TngYKO,et al., 2007). Rituximab As rituximab is a B-cell-depleting agent, chimeric/IgG1 monoclonal antibody which binds to the CD20 cell surface marker found on several maturation stages of B lymphocytes. It gained FDA/EMA approval in 2006 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA in combination with MTX in patients with inadequate response to anti-TNF. Rituximab is given via the intravenous route at a dose of 1000 mg for two doses 2 weeks apart for each cycle. The first study evaluated rituximab in RA was reported by Edwardset al., 2004.Four treatment groups consisting of MTX monotherapy, rituximab monotherapy, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide and rituximab plus MTX were compared, and all rituximab groups had a better ACR20 response compared with MTX monotherapy, with a comparable safety profile. 2.1.1.3 Antibodies That Interfere With IL-6 Function IL-6 is a cytokine produced by immunologically important cells that has an important role in T-cell activation and immunoglobulin secretion.It also stimulates synovial fibroblast differentiation and osteoclast activation.Dysregulation of IL-6 is also, in part, responsible for many of the generalized systemic effects of RA, including anemia of chronic disease as well as the acute phase reactants seen in this disease(Tanaka.Tet al. , 2010). Tocilizumab Previously called MRA, tocilizumab is a humanized/IgG1 mAb directed against IL-6 receptor in its soluble and transmembrane form. It was approved by the FDA/EMA in early 2010, or slightly before, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA in patients with an inadequate response to DMARDs and/or anti-TNF. A subcutaneous form of tocilizumab is currently under study. It is also indicated in patients with anemia of chronic disease since it dramatically increases hemoglobin as a consequence of reduction in hepcidin – the protein that inhibits iron utilization in RA. 2.1.1.4 Antibodies That Interfere With IL-1 Function IL-1 is produced by many cell types in response to myriad inflammatory stimuli and mediates multiple immunologic and inflammatory pathways. In patients with RA, the levels of naturally produced IL-1 receptor antagonist in the synovium is thought to be insufficient to counteract the increased levels of IL-1 produced in this disease (Arend WP., 2002) Anakinra Anakinra is the recombinant form of a human receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and was approved by the FDA/EMA in, or slightly after, 2002 at a daily dose of 100 mg subcutaneously for moderate-to-severe RA that has been unresponsive to initial disease DMARD therapy. It has been studied in RA in several trials. (Fleischmann RM.et al,  2003) 2.1.1.5 Safety Infections Infections are the most common adverse event associated with the use of all biologics. Infection risks with anakinra and tocilizumab are probably similar to the TNF inhibitors, with rituximab perhaps having slightly less risk.Infection risk may be higher with the use of increased doses of infliximab and anakinra.Respiratory tract infections are most commonly reported. The risk of granulomatous infections, such as tuberculosis, is also increased in patients using monoclonal antibody TNF inhibitors. Malignancies The use of TNF inhibitors in patients with RA has not been associated with an increased risk of solid cancers, with the exception of cutaneous malignancies.. Malignancies have been reported with anakinra, tocilizumab and rituximab, but the risk does not seem higher than predicted in RA patients.(Ding T et al., 2010)Longer-term follow-up is required to more clearly understand the risk of malignancies with these drugs. Demyelinating diseases Symptoms of demyelinating neurologic dysfunction have been associated with TNF inhibitors. Resolution of these symptoms with drug withdrawal is common. TNF inhibitors should be withdrawn immediately if neurologic symptoms occur with use, and probably should be avoided in patients with pre-existing demylelinating symptoms(Ding T, Ledinghamet al., 2010).   3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 3.1 Drugs vs mAbs Just as monoclonal antibodies have various side effects the medication used for RA also have various complications There have been many news reports about how pain-killing drugs known as COX-2 blockers increase heart attack and stroke risks. Additional studies suggested that older non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen could also elevate heart risks.One of the culprits: methotrexate. It’s the most commonly prescribed disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, orDMARD, for rheumatoid arthritis. It’s also responsible for hair loss in about 1 to 3 percent of people. The hair loss happens because methotrexate is doing what it’s supposed to do – stop cells from growing, including cells causing inflammation and, unfortunately, hair follicles. Folic acid, which is commonly prescribed with methotrexate to mitigate some of its side effects, is a synthetic form of folate, a B-complex vitamin. It can help keep hair healthy, but it has not been fou nd to promote hair growth.Generally as a drug-related side effect, the hair loss is not drastic and the hair does not fall out in patches. And it usually grows back once the patients stop taking the drug.So as of now, most of thesuccesful treatments for RA using monoclonal antibodies are in combination with methotrexate. 3.2 Conclusion and future prospects Monoclonal antibodies with different mechanisms of action and route of administration are highly effective therapeutic agents in the treatment of RA with an acceptable safety profile. Choosing the appropriate treatment is a complex decision that is affected by clinical data, physician and patient preference, and payers. Almost undoubtedly, these types of agents will continue to be important agents in the rheumatologists armamentarium. How to use these agents more selectively, particularly regarding which agents are best for which patients, hopefully will be better established in the future with new biomarkers. Prediction as to what agent to use in the right patient at the right time is clearly a research priority. Monoclonal antibodies as new agents are expensive, and the cost/benefit analysis justifying their use is also critical to practitioners. . Many aspects regarding the efficacy and safety of the supposedly cheaper biologics need to be evaluated before they are available for w idespread use, but their availability and the emergence of new agents in the future may substantially change the RA treatment landscape. Although current therapies can reduce the signs and symptoms of RA for many patients, the quest for a cure (or a more complete blockade of the structural damage) in RA is still ongoing and will need treatment approaches, which are not exclusively confined to blocking a particular cytokine, receptor, or auto-reactive B or T cell involved in disease progression. To this end exciting treatment alternatives and drug targets are on the horizon that may become available to patients in the future.

Stereotyping and Its Effects

Stereotyping, brought on by the existence of a class system, has many positive effects in John Steinbeck†s Grapes of Wrath. This class system, made up of migrants and affluent people, is present due to the fact that many of the affluent people stereotype the migrants as poor, uneducated, and easily agitated human beings. Thus, this sets a boundary between the educated individuals and migrants. At first, most migrants ignore the effects stereotyping has on them. But towards the end of their journeys to California, the migrants† rage that had been gradually building up inside lets out and the migrants take action. The effects are more positive as the migrants strive for an education, receive sympathy, and calmly deal with conflicts. Farm owners, successful businessmen, and generally all inhabitants of the Mid-West have a sense that all migrants are dumb, uneducated people in 1939. They lower wages for fruit-picking at farms which were the only jobs offered to the migrants because of their proposed lack of intelligence. But migrants do not necessarily choose not to educate themselves. Ma Joad announces to her family that she will send her two youngest children to school once they are settled. Connie, Rose of Sharon†s husband, also plans out his goals with Rose of Sharon saying, â€Å"An† he†s [Connie] gonna study at home, maybe radio, so he can git to be an expert . . . † The migrants have their mind already set on education and chose not to be ignorant all of their lives. Often in Grapes of Wrath, the affluent people stereotype the migrants as poor and penniless. As the Joads pull into the gas station, the attendant immediately asks, â€Å"Got any money?† He views the Joads as one of many poor, migrant families arriving to beg for some gas. But not all people who view migrants as poverty-stricken, hungry people see them in such a way. Mae, a waitress at one of the restaurants pities a family asking for bread and shows her compassion by letting the children have candy for much less than its worth. Instead of the anticipated let-down, the migrants receive pity from those with compassion and sympathy. Not only do affluent individuals see the migrants as uneducated and penniless, but also as easily agitated human beings. Because farm workers are afraid that these migrants may someday take over their farms, they try to make the migrants† stay more unwelcoming. â€Å"Now if there was a big fight and maybe shooting-a bunch of deputies could go in and clean out the camp,† one of the owners says to Tom and the Wallaces. Farm owners even plan to start a fight, thinking that no migrant can pass up a fight. But the migrants deal with the problem in a calm manner with no fight ever beginning. Cops swarm all over to provoke migrants so that many can be arrested and pulled off the streets. But the migrants resolve their problems so that new problems do not start. To farm owners, provoking migrants is a way to keep more migrants from stealing their land and resources but ends unsuccessfully. Stereotyping, brought on by the existence of a class system, has many positive effects in Grapes of Wrath. The migrants do intend to acquire an education, receive sympathy from the compassionate, and react intelligently to tempting situations. Steinbeck portrays society in its truest form. Even with the negative influence of the affluent people, the migrants receive just as many positive results as there are negative under such harsh circumstances.

Ict Helps Student in Many Ways

TOPIC 1 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the issues that divide world. In richer countries, schools can afford and supply with many modern ICT infrastructures, hardware and software but reverse situation happen to the poorer countries. Schools may be without electricity and does not have modern ICT infrastructures. ICT has the potential to transform learning in and beyond classroom. ICT can also provide an easy situation even in limited of space and time.There are some benefits of ICT in learning which are student can access enormous amount of information quickly, learning process become easier and more update about new issues and can improve richness of learning experience. As mentioned above, ICT helps students to get many useful information. They do not have to worry about lack of information during their study time because ICT help them in gaining a lot of information. Students just need to click the mouse and just in seconds, everything already get ready. Moreover, students no longer have to rely on printed books as main references. Sometimes references books contain outdated information thus learners will carry on wrong information. This will bring bad efffect in learning process. If they stick at ICT, they only need to carry notebook which mean more light and conventional. With the internet, a wealth learning materials in almost every subject can be excess everywhere anywhere. Almost all information in internet are up-to-date.According to Kate Mckenzie, â€Å"ICT in education is the key to unlocking the skills and knowledge of our future generations of young people. It is the tool for learning for the 21st century† (Mckenzie, 2006) Based on Kate Mckenzie word, it prove that ICT is very important to everyone especially youngster. In a nutshell, ICT brings many good things in daily life. It give benefits to both teachers and students in educational world. ICT also provide better situation in the classroom. Some benefits of ICT that can be discuss are first ICT help student to gain many information in the short time.As a student, we have to find a lot of information in a short time by the ICT needed to help simplify and speed up our work. Next, using ICT learning process will become easier and more up to date. Students are no longer left to obtain the latest and fresh information. Lastly, through ICT students and teachers will be able to renew their teaching techniques to more effective ways. Although ICT is a new technology, however ICT still provide tradisional methods which include writing, drawing and gaining information from the text.In order to achieve developed country status, Malaysia have to upgrade the user of ICT in our daily life in order to make sure our civilians always up-to-dated to new information. References Blurton, P. C. (1999) New direction of ICT-use in education. Retrieved from http://www. unesco. org Nwosu, D. O. and Ogboma, E. F. (2008). ICT in education: A Catalyst for effective use of information. Retrieved from http://unllib. unl. edu Misra, S. (Dec 2010). Role of ICT in enhancing the educational productivity. Retrieved from http://www. academia. edu Mckenzie, K. (2006). Retrieved October 16, 2012, from http://www. naace. co. uk

Analytical Essay on Hamlet

Hamlet: Tragic Hero Hamlet by William Shakespeare, like any other tragedy, should have a tragic hero who possesses a corresponding flaw. However, the tragedy doesn’t have the necessary kind of flaw, but still it has this kind of hero. Hamlet’s story comes to a downfall like any other tragic hero’s, but it doesn’t happen because of a tragic flaw. In order for Hamlet to qualify to be a tragic hero, he must possess a tragic flaw, which he in fact lacks. Hamlet’s feelings towards his mother, which are genuine, poison his life and obstruct his actions; at the same time, he doesn’t understand them. This, actually, is uncalled for, since his feelings towards his mother were not the most important things in his life then. His feelings towards Claudius, for instance, were more important because of his relation with the mentioned character, which was really getting out of hand and would definitely contribute to the outcome of the play. Von Goethe discussed Hamlet not to have a tragic flaw, but being incapable of all the responsibilities heaped upon him by Shakespeare. The role to avenge for his father’s death was laid upon a soul that was absolutely unfit for the job. Hamlet was inadequate of the nerve that makes a hero which resulted to him sinking beneath his burden. Hamlet is only worried about his father’s death, which is subsequently followed by his mother remarrying his uncle who is said to have killed his dad. At the peak of his depression, Hamlet claims to be haunted by his father’s ghost which pleads for him to avenge for his death. Nevertheless, he is totally incapable of avenging for his father’s death. He just can’t